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    <title>Yoshimi User Manual ~ Effects</title>
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    <h2 style="text-align: center">Effects</h2>
    <p>
        Effects can be applied to single instruments or as Master System/Insertion effects.
        <br>
        Most effects have a <b>Preset</b> dropdown which allows you to select some 'factory' preset.
        For any effect, if you select a preset and then change controls the text in this dropdown will become blue to remind you the preset has changed.
        <br><br>
        Note:
        <br>
        &emsp;With the exception of the EQ effect, the D/W (Dry/Wet) control becomes a Vol (Volume) control when applied as a Master System effect. These are found in the <a href=../main.html#system>Main</a> window. In this section we always refer to D/W.
    </p>

    <!-- REVERB -->
    <h3>Reverb</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/reverb.png" alt="Reverb window" class="image">
    </p>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
            <br>

        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Type</b> This selects the reverb type:
            <br> - <em>random</em> will reset all the filters on selection and each time the roomsize is changed
            <br> - <em>freeverb</em> (default) is the well-known freeverb reverb type
            <br> - <em>bandwidth</em> applies a unison before the LPF/HPF filters

        </li>
        <li>
            <b>R.S.</b> Room Size (%)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no reverb) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Time</b> Reverberation time
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>I.del</b> Initial delay (also known as pre-delay)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>I.delfb</b> Initial delay feedback
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BW</b> Bandwidth -  Changes the unison 'spread' for the <em>bandwidth</em> type
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>E/R</b> <em>[not yet implemented]</em> Early reflections
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LPF</b> Low Pass Filter. This will cut frequencies <em>above</em> the selected value
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>HPF</b> High Pass Filter. This will cut frequencies <em>below</em> the selected value
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Damp</b> Amount of damping of low frequencies
        </li>
    </ul>

    <!-- ECHO -->
    <h3>Echo</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/echo.png" alt="Echo window" class="image">
    </p>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BPM</b> When checked locks the delay control to the incoming MIDI clock
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no echo) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Delay</b> The time between echo repeats
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Separate</b> When checked, the Delay and LRdl controls change to separate left and right delay times, so they become quite independent
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LRdl.</b> Shortens/lengthens the delay of left and right in opposite directions. This can effectively be used to create a 'stereo echo/delay' effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LRc.</b> Left/Right crossover. This defines how echos cross left to right. Or how the delays are 'spread' over the stereo (left/right panorama). To hear a difference there also needs to be a non-zero value in the above LRdl. control
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Fb.</b> Feedback value for the echo. The higher the value the more repeats are generated
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Damp</b> Dampening of high frequencies
        </li>
    </ul>

    <!-- CHORUS -->
    <h3>Chorus</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/chorus.png" alt="Chorus window" class="image">
    </p>

    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Subtract</b> Inverts the output if selected so it tends to subtract from the incoming signal rather than adding to it.
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no chorus) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Freq</b> LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Start</b> Only when BPM is active, this sets position (phase) in the LFO when the note starts
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Rnd</b> Randomness of LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BPM</b> When checked locks the frequency control to the incoming MIDI clock
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LFO Type</b> Waveform of LFO (Sine / Tri[angle])
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>St.df</b> Stereo phase difference for the left/right LFO
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Dpth</b> Depth of the LFO
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Delay</b> Delay of the chorus. Low depth and delay will give a flanger effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Fb</b> Feedback
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>L/R</b> Left / Right effect routing. Leftmost: left to left, right to right; middle: left+right to centre; rightmost: left to right, right to left
        </li>
    </ul>
    <a id="phaser"></a>
    <!-- PHASER -->
    <h3>Phaser</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/phaser.png" alt="Phaser window" class="image">
    </p>

    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no phaser) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Freq</b> LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Start</b> Only when BPM is active, this sets the position (phase) in the LFO when the note starts
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Rnd</b> Randomness of LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BPM</b> When checked locks the frequency control to the incoming MIDI clock
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LFO Type</b> Waveform of LFO (Sine / Tri[angle])
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Depth</b> Effect depth
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>St.df</b> Stereo phase difference for the left/right LFO
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>L/R</b> Left / Right effect routing. Only available when Analog is <em>not</em> selected. Leftmost: left to left, right to right; middle: left+right to centre; rightmost: left to right, right to left
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Fb</b> Feedback
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Dist</b> Phaser distortion. Only available when Analog <em>is</em> selected
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Phase</b> Phase
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Analog</b> FET (Field-effect transistor) emulation (on/off)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Hyper</b> Hyper sine mode (on/off). Only available when Analog <em>is</em> selected
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Sub.</b> Inverts the output (on/off)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Stages</b> Phaser stages (max 12)
        </li>
    </ul>


    <!-- ALIENWAH -->
    <h3>AlienWah</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/alienwah.png" alt="AlienWah window" class="image">
    </p>

    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Phase</b> Phase of the AlienWah effect. This sets the vocal sound between an 'Aahh' and an 'Eehh'
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no AlienWah) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Freq</b> LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Start</b> Only when BPM is active, this sets the position (phase) in the LFO when the note starts
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Rnd</b> Randomness of LFO frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BPM</b> When checked locks the frequency control to the incoming MIDI clock
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LFO Type</b> Waveform of LFO (Sine / Tri[angle])
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>St.df</b> Stereo phase difference for the left/right LFO
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Dpth</b> Depth of the LFO
        </li>

        <li>
            <b>Fb</b> Feedback
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Delay</b> Delay before the feedback. Low delay will give more of a wha wha effect (0 to 100)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>L/R</b> Left / Right effect routing. Leftmost: left to left, right to right; middle: left+right to centre; rightmost: left to right, right to left
        </li>
    </ul>

    <!-- DISTORTION -->
    <h3>Distortion</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/distortion.png" alt="Distortion window" class="image">
    </p>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LRc.</b> Left/Right mix
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Drive</b> Distortion (drive) level
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Level</b> Volume (amplification) level after distortion
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Type</b> Select the wave for the distortion waveshaping function
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Neg.</b> Negate (invert) the signal if selected
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LPF</b> Low Pass Filter. Blocks frequencies <em>above</em> the selected frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>HPF</b> High Pass Filter. Blocks frequencies <em>below</em> the selected frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>PF</b> Pre Filter. If selected the LPF and HPF are applied <em>before</em> distortion
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>St.</b> Stereo. If selected the effect is stereo, otherwise mono
        </li>

    </ul>
    <!-- EQ -->
    <h3>EQ</h3>
    <p>
        <img src="images/eq.png" alt="EQ window" class="image">
    </p>
    This effect provides a visual representation of the EQ curve as shown in the screenshot. The horizontal axis represent frequencies and the vertical represents amplitude. The yellow line shows how the signal will be filtered (equalised).
    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Gain</b> Gain of the equalised signal
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Band</b> Band number. The EQ effect provides up to 8 'bands' each of which is an independent filter
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Type</b> Filter type for the selected band
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Freq</b> Filter frequency. Depending on the type of filter this can be the cut-off or centre frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Gain</b> Gain for the filter, if made available by the type of filter (e.g. peak, high-shelf, low-shelf)
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Q</b> Q factor for the filter. Depending on the type of filter this can be the 'resonance', 'width', etc.
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Stages</b> Number of <em>additional</em> stages for the filter (up to 4). Typically, more stages result in more 'drastic' ('steep') filtering around the center/cutoff frequency
        </li>
    </ul>
    <a id="dynfilter"></a>
    <!-- DYNFILTER -->
    <h3>DynFilter</h3>

    The DynFilter is actually made of two effect stages, the main effect and the filter control accessible via its own panel by clicking on the 'Filter' button.
    <h4>Effect controls</h4>
    </p>
        <img src="images/dynfilter.png" alt="DynFilter window" class="image">
    <p>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <b>Preset</b> selects a default preset and set controls accordingly
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>D/W</b> Dry/Wet balance. If completely to the left only the dry signal (no DynFilter) will be heard
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Pan</b> The left/right panning (panorama) for the effect
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Freq</b> DynFilter LFO Frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Start</b> Only when BPM is active, this sets the position (phase) in the LFO when the note starts
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Rnd</b> Randomness of the LFO Frequency
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LFO Type</b> Waveform of LFO (Sine / Tri[angle])
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>BPM</b> When checked locks the frequency control to the incoming MIDI clock
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>St.df</b> Left/right channel phase shift for the LFO
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>LfoD</b> LFO Depth
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>A.S.</b> Amplitude Sensing. Changes the behaviour of the filter dependent on the incoming amplitude
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>A.M.</b> Amplitude Measurement, i.e. how the RMS value of the amplitude is calculated. The higher the value the slower the filter will react
        </li>
        <li>
            <b>Inv.</b> Invert (negate) the absolute RMS value effectively lowering the filter frequency
        </li>
    </ul>
    <h4>Filter controls</h4>
    </p>
    <p>
    <img src="images/dynfilter_filter_params.png" alt="DynFilter Filter Panel" class="image">
    These controls are the same as the <a href="../filter/filter.html">Filter Type</a> ones. Here, however, the velocity sense controls are disabled.
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